How to make a sewer in the country with your own hands

A house with a plot outside the city, where you can leave the city bustle and dust, has become today not only a sign of prosperity, but also practically a necessity. Someone here breathes fresh air to their heart's content and finds rest after the everyday hustle and bustle of the city, someone is engaged in truck farming and gardening, but literally everyone is faced with one problem, on the solution of which the comfort of living in the country depends.

The fact that in the city has become an almost obligatory attribute of civilized life is often completely absent in country conditions. This is a sewage system, without which other self-evident amenities are impossible. Therefore, having become the owner of a suburban area, the newly-made summer resident most often thinks about the earliest possible creation of all city amenities, and especially, a sewage system for a summer residence. Moreover, if earlier many were content with primitive houses with a cesspool, hidden in a secluded corner of the garden, today one cannot do without more perfect, and most importantly, durable and safe structures.

Components of the country sewerage

However, if a city dweller thinks little about arranging a sewer network outside his apartment, then when arranging a sewage system in a country house, one has to deal not only with plumbing devices and internal communications, but also remember about all the components of the system:

• About plumbing fixtures, risers and pipes inside the building that make up the internal sewage system;
• About the pipe system located outside the house;
• About the places of settling or purification of all the effluents leaving the house and collected from the site.

And if the internal system is similar to that in apartments, then the other two parts of the country sewage system differ significantly from the components of the central city and can be implemented in different ways.

Sewerage scheme in the country

Therefore, before proceeding with the creation of a sewage system in the country with your own hands, you need to determine the requirements for the system and on their basis and develop a diagram of its main facilities. The decisive factors here are the location of the house, the wishes of the owner of the site and the list of plumbing equipment used.

It is optimal if all equipment requiring draining is tied to one common pipe that directs the waste to a special place where the drains must either be simply collected, or settle down and cleaned up.

If wastewater flows through different pipes, for example, from different buildings or rainwater collection channels are connected to the system, then the maintenance of such a sewage system may become more complicated, and sometimes it may require the arrangement of several containers for disposal of the drain.

In areas where negative temperatures prevail in winter, this feature must be taken into account, which affects not only the comfortable use of the sewage system in the country at any time of the year, but also the safety of pipes running under the ground and leaving the house. If the site is supposed to create the simplest sewage system using a cesspool, then the occurrence of groundwater should not be lower than two meters, that is, the depth of the pit itself.

Internal sewerage system for summer cottages

Internal routing of pipes in a country house is planned based on the needs of residents and available equipment, and the outlet of the sewer pipe is made through the outer wall of the building or the foundation below the floor level. At the same time, it is important to provide for a sufficient slope of the pipe, in which the drain inside the house is guaranteed to be higher than the level of wastewater in a cesspool or septic tank.

External sewerage pipe system

The outdoor system is a network of pipes transporting wastewater from a collection point, whether it is indoor equipment, drainage channels or rainwater wells, with a place for waste treatment or storage. Today, traditional cast iron pipes or more modern plastic products are used for these purposes. Cast iron pipes require careful sealing, and in this case the joints are treated with a resin composition and cement mortar. Plastic pipes do not require such work.

When making a sewage system in the country, it is important to ensure such a slope of the sewer pipes so that wastewater can drain by gravity to a cesspool or septic tank. As a rule, such an angle of inclination of the pipe is not less than two centimeters for each meter of the pipe laid in the trench. The depth of the trench is not less than a meter, and the width, in order to carry out work was convenient, not less than half a meter.

In this case, all pipes that fall into the soil freezing zone must be insulated with mineral wool, heat-insulating sleeves or foamed polymer material, expanded clay or foam. As a rule, all areas located above 30 cm from the soil level, as well as outputs from the house, are subject to insulation.

Near the exit of the sewer pipe, a ventilation duct is also equipped to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors in the local area.

Place of drainage

If a centralized sewer network is laid outside the site, then the summer resident should only organize the delivery of waste to the common pipe. You won't have to accumulate or clean them.

If there is no centralized sewage system nearby, then all the problems fall on the shoulders of the owner of the site, and only he will have to take care of waste disposal. And for this you need to decide which design to choose: the simplest cesspool-storage or modern, but more expensive septic tank for summer cottages.

Sewerage in old traditions

What could be easier than a cesspool?
This is probably the cheapest and easiest way to collect sewage waste. The pit design is simple, which allows you to build it without the help of specialists. However, before starting excavation work, you will need to find out the required volume of the structure. This can be done based on the average volume per inhabitant of the house, ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 cubic meters of liquid.

When the volume is known, you can proceed to determining the location of the future waste accumulator. And since wastewater is not a very pleasant and useful neighborhood, a hole is dug taking into account the following rules:

• The minimum depth of the pit should not be less than two meters, which means that the groundwater should not come closer to the soil surface even during the spring thawing of snow;
• The minimum distance from the buildings is also determined - the distance from 5 meters is considered comfortable and safe;
• If the owners of the site use a water source located here, then the waste storage site should not be closer than 30 meters from the well or well;
• The presence of a cesspool presupposes the presence of a free access for a machine that picks up the accumulated waste;
• If the site is located on rough terrain, then the cesspool will be organized exclusively in the lowland.

The cesspool itself can be made of concrete rings or tires, lined with bricks or blocks, while the joints and the bottom are waterproofed in order to prevent the penetration of polluted water into the soil.

The sewerage system is equipped with a ventilation riser, and the hatch covering the pit must be designed in such a way that the pumping of waste is not a problem. Sewerage for giving a short-term residence can do without a stationary drain pit. If the site is intended for infrequent visits, then it is enough to place an airtight container with a volume of up to 2 cubic meters in the pit and bring a sewer pipe from the house to it.

With the cheapness and simplicity of organizing such a summer cottage sewage system, in addition to the unpleasant smell hovering over the storage site of the drains, it has another significant drawback. This is the need to regularly call special services involved in cleaning cesspools. Which is not always possible in remote areas or results in a large sum.

Septic tank - modern sewerage for summer cottages

The use of a septic tank, a more modern, and most importantly, effective device makes it possible to create a sewage system in the country without pumping out. Fecal water is purified and discharged directly into the ground. Of course, a sewer machine may be required to flush the tank, but this service will be needed only in exceptional cases. Sewerage of this type consists of a septic tank, where drains are settled and purified, and a drainage system.

A septic tank is a multi-chamber container, flowing through which wastewater is gradually separated into liquid and solid fractions and thus purified. Microbiological decomposition of waste can also take place here.

The easiest way is to purchase a branded septic tank for the sewage system in the country and install the structure, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. However, everything can be done with your own hands. Several sealed chambers are arranged in the pit, connected by pipes for overflowing wastewater.

Waste falling into the septic tank is purified by 50 - 70%, and then they pass into the filter well or are removed to the filtration field.

The construction of the filter well is similar to the cesspool, except for the bottom. Instead, under well construct a volumetric cushion of sand and gravel, which allows additional filtration of water when it enters fertile soil.

In practice, filtration fields represent an area with perforated pipes laid in the soil, through which purified moisture seeps into the soil in small portions.

Treatment stations allow to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment up to 99%. Today, this solution allows you to use waste water even for irrigation and create the highest quality and most efficient sewage system in the country. Final cleaning takes place thanks to the work of microorganisms, which prevent waste from rotting, which means there is no unpleasant odor.

A treatment station is a sewage system in the country without pumping out wastewater, the water coming out of it is devoid of a repulsive smell and is completely harmless to humans and the environment, it can be used for irrigation and for filling the reservoir on the site.

The only drawback of the design is its considerable price, which is more than compensated for by comfortable use, the absence of problems with cleaning storage tanks and smell.

Video: about sewage