When to transplant raspberries to a new site: advice from an agronomist
All gardeners like to harvest bountiful harvests of juicy berries every year. For this to always be so, it is important to know when to transplant raspberries into "fresh" soil. Otherwise, the shrubs will grow old, and fruiting will gradually stop. Even young plants can contract a viral infection and die. In addition, unkempt garden beds create a bad reputation for farmers. What do agronomists say about this? What is the technology of the procedure? How to care for a plant after its "settlement in a new place"? Let's find out detailed answers.
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When to transplant raspberries: an objective opinion of experts
There are at least 3 reasons:
- depletion of fertile soil;
- the threat of fungal infections;
- rapid aging of culture.
In thickened areas, raspberries do not receive a sufficient amount of useful elements. The yield level decreases, the taste of the fruit is lost, the foliage turns yellow. Shrubs are particularly vulnerable to disease due to poor ventilation. Remaining in one area for many years, raspberries are not renewed. Its shoots gradually dry up, which leads to death.
According to agronomists, the plant can be transplanted in spring, summer and autumn. The main thing is that it is at rest. Therefore, each gardener makes his own decision, taking into account his employment, experience and place of residence.
For example, in the southern regions, the shrub is transplanted at the end of March or October. In the middle latitudes - early May and September. For Siberia, the end of May or August will come. As you can see, bushes are transplanted at different times of the warm season.
In accordance with agronomic rules, raspberries are transferred to a new place every 5-7 years.
Choosing a suitable site
In order for a plant to feel comfortable in a new place, it is necessary to choose it correctly. First of all, gardeners take into account the possibility of frost, as well as their frequency. Places with deep ravines, where cold air currents collect, are left for more hardy crops. On the other hand, a low slope can provide reliable protection against spring or autumn frosts.
Plain places with various depressions, where melt or rain waters are located for a long time, are also not suitable for raspberries.
The plant begins to ache and does not bear fruit well. On the hills - the culture lacks moisture in sultry times. And in winter, she is under the gun of severe frosts.
The best site for young seedlings is the eastern or western part of the garden. Especially if it is protected by a fence or some structure from the piercing north wind. If you transplant raspberries into an open area in direct sunlight, they will constantly need additional moisture.This will lead to inhibition of crop growth and low yields.
An important condition is the preparation of a site for transplanting raspberries. There is a special scheme that lasts about 2 years. First, legumes, mustard, oats, and alfalfa are grown in the garden as fertilizer. Before flowering, they are mowed and embedded in the ground.
In the spring, this site is planted:
- cucumbers;
- zucchini;
- garlic;
- bow;
- tomatoes.
Such crops enrich the soil with valuable components that are necessary for raspberries. After harvesting, the land is carefully dug up together with mineral or potash fertilizer. A mixture of humus and ash is no less effective.
Experts do not recommend planting berry bushes in the place where there were potatoes or strawberries. It should not be placed next to gooseberries and currants.
Common methods of planting crops
There are three main ways to grow raspberries in summer cottages:
- trench;
- dimple;
- container.
The latter option is used in northern latitudes. When cold weather sets in, the plants are taken to greenhouses, where they continue to bear fruit. For this method, containers with a diameter and height of about 80 cm are selected. As well as suitable varieties. Raspberries in containers do not need frequent transplants.
The trench method of planting a crop requires special site preparation. It is carefully cleaned in autumn:
- weed out weeds;
- remove the remnants of vegetables;
- rake dry grass and fallen leaves.
About 21 days before the transfer of berry bushes, wide (60 cm) trenches are dug on the site. The depth should be at least 40 cm. Organic feed from manure or compost is placed on the bottom. Its height is about 10 cm. Next, the level of double superphosphate is made. When the time comes to transplant raspberries, they are covered with wood ash. The distance between the trenches should be from 1 to 2 meters.
Culture grows very quickly, so you shouldn't skimp on space.
The pit method is used to transfer raspberries to a new place, both in autumn and spring. At a distance of 70 cm (for spreading species), holes are made 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide. Tall varieties are planned to be planted 100 cm apart.
Before planting bushes, the holes are fertilized:
- ash (100 g);
- humus (up to 9 kg);
- nitroammophos (45 g).
Thanks to this, the root system of plants adapts more quickly to a new site. If desired, special trellises are installed to support young seedlings. They are tied up with ordinary wire or twine.
Choosing the right planting material
If a decision has already been made when to transplant raspberries, they begin to select full-fledged bushes. They are found on an existing plantation or purchased in a store.
The following options are suitable:
- bushes that are not more than 3 years old;
- processes;
- last year's shoots.
Young bushes with a strong root system take root much faster in new territory. The main thing is that they have a beautiful appearance. The bark should be free of foreign growths, damage, signs of fungal diseases and parasites.
If doubtful places are found, they are carefully removed up to healthy tissue. Powerful bushes are divided into several specimens using a sharp knife. In each of them, several pieces of strong roots are left. Weak shoots are removed.
Every year raspberries let their young offspring go. They emerge from root buds located next to the plant (about 30 cm). Over time, the shoots form their own roots, growing up to 20-30 cm. Such seedlings are ideal for transplanting. Typically, at least five offspring are used per hole. They are carefully dug out, leaving an earthen lump. Leaf plates are removed immediately before planting.
Last year's shoots usually appear right at the bottom of the crop. There are several of them. In autumn, the old branches are removed, and the young ones are tied to a support.The thickness of young branches should be at least 1 cm, and the length of the root system - 30 cm. The planting material is spud with soil to protect it from the winter cold.
In early spring, the branches are cut, leaving about 10 cm in length. The bushes are left huddled until the leaf plates increase. Then the plant is dug up and transferred to a new location.
To protect the crop from fungal diseases and parasites, the slices are sprinkled with charcoal.
How to transplant raspberries to a new site in spring
To harvest bountiful berry harvests every year, gardeners know well when to replant raspberries in their region. Some do the procedure in the spring. Others - in the fall. It all depends on climatic conditions and personal preference. First, let's consider the first option in detail.
There are several advantages to replanting raspberries in the spring:
- after winter dormancy, the earth contains an abundance of minerals necessary for the formation of a new plant;
- a large amount of melt water;
- pests are in a dormant state;
- before the onset of heat, the root system will have time to gain strength.
The only drawback of the transplant is the lack of fruiting. The first berries will appear only next season. However, waiting also brings joy to the grower. Next, we will find out the basic rules for spring transplanting raspberries.
First of all, choose a quality seedling. There should be no dry specimens on the root system. Also pay attention to the freshness of young buds and shoots.
In addition, an important point is the transfer time. Depending on climatic conditions, choose those months when the threat of morning frost passes. In addition, the abundantly heated soil during this period is saturated with moisture and useful components. Most often, the procedure is performed in early April. In addition, the location of the selected site is taken into account.
She must have:
- good lighting;
- reliable protection against drafts;
- access to moisture.
If other berry bushes, such as currants, grow nearby, it is better to choose a different area. Otherwise, raspberries will not receive enough minerals from the soil. In this case, the minimum distance between the bushes is also taken into account - 0.5 m. In such conditions, the plant develops wonderfully and bears fruit abundantly. And it is convenient for gardeners to process and harvest it.
Step-by-step spring transplant technology
The selected area is freed from last year's foliage, dry grass and other debris. The soil is loosened well with a shovel so that it is filled with oxygen. It is best to prepare the garden in the fall so that the raspberries take root faster. Then they dig holes up to 40 cm deep. The diameter is about 55 cm. The distance between the bushes is up to 60 cm. An organic fertilizer (rotted cow dung) is placed in each funnel and carefully compacted. Pour soil mixed with minerals (superphosphate and potassium sulfate) on top.
Without additional fertilization, the crop grows large. The yield is significantly reduced and the taste of the fruit deteriorates.
Then a layer of ordinary soil is made, where a seedling with a clod of earth is placed. The rhizome is covered with a pre-prepared substrate, which includes the top soil and compost. Gently compact with feet or a shovel. Pruning is done, leaving the height of the bushes up to 30 cm.At the end of the process, watered well with settled water. When the soil dries out, cover with mulch. For business, they use chopped straw, sawdust, peat, organic matter. The thickness of the cover is about 7 cm. Thanks to the mulch, the plant will be provided with moisture during the summer sun. If necessary, install a support using pegs or a trellis.
All plant roots must be directed deep into the funnel. The root collar must remain at ground level.
Features of spring culture transplantation by region
Today raspberries are cultivated not only in the central regions of Russia.Thanks to the painstaking work of breeders, many varieties have appeared that take root in different climatic zones.
In the Urals, frost-resistant raspberries are bred:
- "High";
- "Zorenka Altai".
Indeed, in early spring it often snows there, which is dangerous for the plant. Therefore, in the Urals, raspberries are transplanted in late May or early June. Bushes are placed in the depths of the garden area or next to a high fence.
In Siberia, where the thermometer drops to 40 ° C, the following varieties are popular:
- "Hanging";
- "News of Kuzmina";
- "Coal" (black fruits);
- "Turn"
- Luck (yellow berries);
- "Gift of Siberia".
Raspberries are planted in higher elevations where the soil warms up quickly. Logs are laid at the bottom of the trenches. They protect the root system from severe frost. In autumn, the plants are carefully covered with tarps.
On the territory of the Volga region, the climate is quite changeable, although spring frosts are rare. Therefore, raspberries are planted in early April, when the snow has completely melted.
Frost-resistant varieties are used:
- "Volnitsa";
- "Hussar";
- "Balm".
The culture is transplanted in accordance with agronomic rules by bush, tape or trench method.
How and when to transplant raspberries in the fall
In places with a milder climate, the berry culture is transferred to a new site in early autumn. There are a number of advantages to this solution:
- comfortable air temperature;
- high level of humidity;
- frequent precipitation.
In addition, the plant no longer bears fruit. It directs all its forces to rooting and adaptation in a new environment. The procedure is performed a month before the first frost. The timing is determined depending on the climatic conditions and the type of crop. On the territory of the northern regions, raspberries are transplanted to a new place in early September. In mid-latitudes, it is possible until mid-October. Southerners begin the process in the 20th of September.
Since raspberries love nutritious soil, when choosing a site, you should consider its type. Will fit:
- loam;
- sand (with regular watering);
- sandy loam substrate.
The soil should be loose. Acidity - 5 to 6 pH. Fertilizers are applied if necessary. Next, we will consider step by step how to transplant raspberries in the fall in order to harvest in the new season.
The soil begins to be prepared in 1.5 months. First, they pull out and carry away all the weeds. Then the soil is carefully dug to a depth of 35 cm. Fertilizers are applied:
- humus (10 kg is enough for 1 m²);
- superphosphate (according to the instructions);
- potassium.
Arrange a place for planting young raspberry seedlings. Depending on the method of growing the crop, different types of work are performed. For the trench version, the holes are prepared in 3 weeks. First, markings are made using pegs and a strong thread. Then a ditch is dug. Depth 45 cm. Allowable width - from 50 to 60 cm. Distance between holes up to 100 cm.
It is advisable to place trenches from north to south. As a result, the plant will receive maximum morning light.
Before replanting the bushes, compost is poured into the bottom of the ditch and well leveled. Then it is fertilized with vermicompost and ash. The edges of the prepared holes are strengthened with roofing material. Install meter pegs for support and erect a trellis. The prepared planting material is laid in trenches. Watered with water and covered with earth. The topsoil is tamped tightly.
Rules for the care of young seedlings
In order for raspberry bushes to successfully adapt to a new site, they need proper care:
- First of all, the plant is provided with a sufficient amount of moisture. Up to 6 liters of water are poured under each bush.
- To accelerate the survival rate of the berry culture, they are fed with a special preparation "Kornevin". The first time it is administered on the 14th day after transplantation. If possible, equip drip irrigation.
As you know, late autumn is famous for cold rains. Under the influence of moisture, the foliage on the bushes gradually rots and closes the nascent flower buds.In this state, they are open to all kinds of fungal infections. Therefore, leaf plates are removed from the rooted young seedlings. The peeled shoots are tied up and pressed to the ground. For reliability, they are fixed with metal brackets. In winter, they should not be visible from under the snow. Otherwise, the newly formed kidneys will die.
Summing up, we note that transplanting raspberries to a new site is not an easy task. It requires a lot of effort from the gardener. First, it is determined when to perform the procedure. Then a site is chosen, taking into account the preferences of the culture. The soil is carefully cultivated on it. Planting material is prepared. Determined with the transplant method. Get down to business. Provide competent care throughout the season. A bountiful harvest is collected the next year. It turns out that growing raspberries is a truly noble work.