What are the signs of identifying pear diseases

Planting fruit trees at their summer cottage, gardeners understand that they are at risk of various infections. Unforeseen diseases of pears often lead not only to the death of the crop, but also affect neighboring plants. A detailed description and methods of treatment help to competently resist an invisible enemy. Extensive knowledge and timely prevention are the guarantee of successful gardening. In gratitude, farmers regularly receive bountiful harvests of tasty and aromatic fruits.

Read also the article: diseases of apple trees with a photo!

Dangerous diseases of pears at gunpoint: microorganisms

In nature, there are a huge number of invisible creatures capable of destroying mighty trees. These include harmful bacteria. They imperceptibly "settle" in any part of the plant, without arousing suspicion. Only experienced gardeners notice the first signs of the disease and immediately begin treatment. Examining the most popular infections.

Cortex damage (black cancer)

The causative agent of the disease is the microorganism "Pseudomonas syringa". His presence is determined by the following features:

• brown spots on the bark and buds in early spring;
• young stems darken;
• black plaques on foliage;
• dry cracks at the edges of the plates.

Over time, so-called wet wounds appear on the trunk, in which many microorganisms live. They infect the wood in a circle, which leads to active rotting. If the process is not stopped, the pear will die.

Gardeners call this infection "Antonov Fire" or "Black Cancer".

Effective treatment of a bacterial infection includes a number of measures:

• removal of affected shoots and bark;
• disinfection of the formed cuts with oil paint;
• spraying the culture with copper sulfate (300 g of substance per 10 liters of water).

To achieve success in the fight against black cancer, infected areas of the bark are thoroughly cleaned. At the same time, healthy tissues of the trunk are necessarily captured. The prepared area is covered with a special solution. If the farm does not find copper sulfate, it is replaced with a mixture of clay and mullein. Putty is prepared at the rate of 1: 1. Use in early spring or late autumn at a maximum temperature of 13 ° C. The treated area is wrapped with a bandage or clean rag.

Fallen leaves and affected fruits are regularly raked out of the garden area. After all, bacteria are active for 4 years. During this period, the infection is capable of killing an adult culture.

To prevent this disease of pears, work is performed:

• planting trees at a sufficient distance;
• when planting seedlings, the root collar must not be lowered deep into the soil;
• choose cancer-resistant varieties;
• regularly carry out sanitary pruning of trees;
• in autumn and spring, the branches of the culture are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, iron or copper sulfate;
• every season whitewash the trunks;
• top dressing periodically;
• watered correctly.

The most resistant varieties of pears to black crayfish are "August Dew", "Kudesnitsa", "Dukhmyanaya", "Severyanka".

In a neglected state, the disease affects not only the trunk, but also fruits, foliage and even flowers.

Root neoplasms (root cancer)

The dangerous pathogen "Agrobacterium tumefaciens stevens" affects the underground part of the pear. As a result, shapeless galls and growths appear on the root collar and lateral branches. As the infection progresses, bumps form on the near-stem surface of the tree. This indicates a cancerous infection of the root system.In autumn, the growths collapse and rot, which leads to the release of a huge number of harmful microorganisms into the soil. They remain active for 3-4 years.

To eliminate the problem, a careful examination of all the trees in the garden is carried out. Affected seedlings are removed, the young are uprooted. With a small number of growths, the lateral part of the root system is cut off and disinfected with copper sulfate (100 g of the product is enough for 10 liters). Periodically fertilize the soil with phosphorus-potassium mixtures.

It is possible to overcome the disease with folk methods. For spraying use solutions:

• potassium permanganate and water;
• edible salt with iodine;
• diluted washing powder;
• weak concentration of moonshine;
• ash with soap (for 4 liters take 300 g).

Ready-made fungicides such as "Raek", "Horus", "Strobi" are no less effective, "Speed", "Fitolavin". The packaging indicates the proportions, as well as the frequency of processing of the fruit crop.

Cancer-affected trees lose their yield and resistance to cold.

Unprecedented bacterial burns

The causative agent of this pear disease is the Ervinium microorganism. Insects, wind and heavy rains bring him to the tree. The main target of harmful bacteria is the trunk. However, over time, they spread to the rest of the plant (flowers, foliage, roots).

After infection, symptoms appear:

• darkening of sheet plates;
• subsequent twisting of greens;
• sluggish buds.

With the onset of spring, a pear affected by a bacterial burn does not bloom for a long time. Her kidneys hardly develop. And if foliage appears on the branches, it immediately changes color, curls and dries up. Similar processes occur with fruits. They become dehydrated and mummified over time.

On the bark of the affected tree, white blots appear, framed by brown stains. After a week, the spots merge, turning into deep wounds. To combat bacterial burns, antibiotics of the Streptomycin or Gentamicin series are used. The ampoule is diluted in 5 liters of water and the culture is treated once every 3 weeks. With an advanced form, the drug is used in the form of therapeutic injections, which are sent directly under the bark.

Also, plants are treated with chemical solutions:

• "Bordeaux mixture";
• Fitolavin;
• Previkur Energy;
• "Facetil".

Of the folk methods of dealing with bacterial burns, the most popular are ash solution, succinic acid, mulching. Sanitary pruning in spring and autumn will not be superfluous. Timely watering and maintenance of the site. Suitable varieties that are resistant to infection are Magnitogorskaya Dew and Beglyanka.

Diseases of pears - sooty fungus

In addition to harmful bacteria, weakened pears infect various types of fungi. The accumulation of parasites adversely affects photosynthesis.

As a result, the life processes of the fruit culture are disrupted:

• infected leaves gradually dry out;
• the development of young kidneys is inhibited;
• the growth rate is disturbed;
• resistance to cold decreases;
• death of the plant.

Fungi develop successfully on the plant's leaf plates and fruits. They present themselves with black specks, visually similar to the elements of soot. The defeat begins during the period of flowering and ripening of fruits. First, dots appear on foliage, stems, and later on fruits. As a result, the yield decreases, the presentation of the fruit is lost and the taste is disturbed.

The causes of pear disease are a lack of light, oxygen and a dense crown.

Various works are carried out depending on the strength of the culture defeat. At the initial infection, gardeners remove black bloom from foliage and buds. Then it is treated with a gentle solution. For example, with Fitoverm. Dried leaves and shoots are cut and then burned away from the garden. The advanced form of the disease is stopped by treating wood with special chemicals.

Pyrethroid preparations "Decis", "Shepra", "Fury" will help to rid the plant of the sooty fungus.

Traditional methods of fighting the fungus are no worse.To remove black plaque from the plates, moisten a clean rag with an alcohol solution (1: 3) or home-brewed beer. Then wipe the affected foliage or fruit. Even with a neglected form, a solution of laundry soap with copper sulfate helps (for 10 liters of water, 5 g of vitriol, 150 g of soap).

Pear scab

Most often, the Venturia pirina fungus attacks weakened trees that are poorly cared for. It spoils young stems, fruits and foliage, which significantly reduces yields.

The disease is recognized by the following signs:

• brown spots on the plates;
• foliage bulge;
• rotting greens during a sultry period;
• falling off of undeveloped ovaries;
• fruits of an ugly shape.

To fight the scab, the first step is to remove the affected parts of the plant. Slices are covered with paint or alcohol solution. When the form is neglected, fungicides and copper solutions are used. Processing is carried out in dry weather, when there is no wind and cloudy. In the spring, before the ovary appears, Copper sulfate is used. Upon completion of flowering, the preparation "Tolsin-M", "Hom" is suitable. In autumn the trees are treated with the fungicide "Merpan"

During the period of fruit ripening, processing of the culture is prohibited.

From folk methods, solutions are used:

• mustard (for 10 liters of water 200 g of powder);
• salt (1 kg of product per 12 liters);
• manganese (pale pink);
• herbal (horsetail decoction).

As a rule, such agents act on the plant very slowly. Therefore, they are used for processing several times. In order to prevent fungal scab, stone fruits (plums, apricots) are planted next to the pear.

Premature fruit rot (moniliosis)

The biggest nightmare for the grower is the loss of unripe pears. When the air humidity is high, Monilinia spores penetrate the developing fruits and gradually destroy them. First, small specks or brown bumps form on the peel. They soften the dense texture of the pear, resulting in the decay process. The affected fruit either falls off or remains on the tree all winter.

The fungus enters the fetus through skin lesions caused by worms, wasps, birds and hail.

Rescuing pears begins with a careful examination of the tree. If rotten specimens appear on it, they are immediately removed from the branches and carried outside the garden. They also remove those that lie on the ground near the tree. For prevention, in spring the culture is treated with a special solution "Zircon". And about 30 days before picking pears, the crown of the plant is sprayed with the preparation "Fitosporin".

Affected plants are sprayed with copper and iron sulfate in early spring. Additionally use "Nitrofen" and "Oleocobrite". As soon as the buds bloom, the greens are irrigated with the Bordeaux mixture. After flowering fungicides are used "Kuprozan", "Tsineba". After 15 days, the process is repeated using a weak solution of copper oxychloride.

You can also fight against moniliosis using folk methods. For the case, they use improvised components and create healing solutions:

• iron vitriol (25 g), citric acid (40 g), water (10 l);
• humus (60 kg), water (100 l), iron vitriol (1.5 kg);
• colloidal sulfur, water (arbitrary amount);
• liquid laundry soap, water;
• a mixture of decoctions of dandelion, chamomile, garlic, tobacco.

With an advanced form of the disease, injections of iron sulfate are given. To do this, a funnel is drilled in the barrel and the liquid is released. Outside, the recess is sealed with a mortar of cement and sand.

Such varieties "Venus", "Hera", "Thumbelina", "Moskvichka" are not afraid of fruit rot.

Powdery mildew on foliage

At high humidity, pears attack fungi "Podosphaera leucotricha". As a result, white bloom appears on the leaf plates and inflorescences. If nothing is done, the plant will die over time. Therefore, at the first signs of the disease, the damaged elements are removed. For prevention, trees are sprayed with Fundazol or a mixture of liquid laundry soap, soda ash and water.

When planting young trees, you need to maintain an agronomic distance.

Septoria or white spot on the plates

The disease is determined by the leaves. If white or yellow spots appear on the surface, then the plant is affected by a fungus. Symptoms are usually seen in early summer. As a therapeutic procedure, the culture is sprayed with a solution of "Nitrofen" (3 g of the substance is enough for a standard bucket). The first time they do this, as soon as the buds begin to bloom. Re-process when flowering ends.

Diseases of pears - mosaic foliage

The disease manifests itself when light spots or stripes form on the plates. At the next stage, the veins begin to turn yellow. As a result, the foliage acquires a mosaic color. The only way to overcome the disease is to completely utilize the infected plant.

The infection is carried mainly by aphids.

Phylostictosis

A sad fate awaits the foliage in the middle of summer, if fungal spores "settle" on it. First, tiny specks appear on the plates. Under the influence of humid air, they turn black, disrupting the process of photosynthesis. The plate twists and falls over time. As a result, the culture does not receive the full range of useful components. Treatment of phyllostictosis consists in periodically spraying with Bordeaux mixture. The procedure is performed before the leaf plates bloom.

Stony ripe fruits

The disease begins with damage to wood by the pear stony pit fungus. Over time, microcracks form on the bark, which spread to the leaves. They change the color of the veins. Such processes are directly related to the development of fruits. Gradually, an abundance of solid cells gets into them. They thicken the texture of the pear's pulp and adversely affect the taste. Such fruits are not suitable for nutrition. Since the treatment is quite difficult, it is easier to remove the tree from the site and plant a new one.

Research on pear diseases shows the seriousness of the situation in which gardeners find themselves. However, pictures, descriptions and methods of struggle will help to cope with the problem. The main thing is to regularly inspect your garden property. If symptoms of diseases are detected, immediately follow the instructions. And delicious pears will always be on the dinner table.

Diseases of pears and methods of struggle - video