What vegetables can be planted before winter to get an early harvest
Autumn is the time for harvesting and preparing the soil for the spring season. But the main work does not end there - if the gardener knows what vegetables to plant before winter, he will be able to get an early, generous harvest of vegetables and herbs. Podzimnaya planting has a number of advantages, but for the successful cultivation and maturation of crops, you need to take into account all the subtleties of this process.
General rules for winter crops
Podzimnaya planting requires adherence to some subtleties that relate to the place and timing of sowing, proper preparation of the soil and seeds. It is also imperative to take into account the climatic conditions of a particular region.
Soil preparation
Planting vegetables before winter will be successful only if you choose and prepare a site for the beds correctly. Only tall, well-protected beds with nutritious soil will be able to provide adequate protection of seeds from winter frosts.
Soil preparation:
- dig up the site 4-6 weeks before sowing;
- delete all weeds;
- add humus or compost to the soil;
- to reduce the acidity of the soil, add 200-250 g of lime;
- prepare holes or grooves and cover with plastic wrap.
To avoid spring drenching and seed rot, it is best to choose high beds or make them like that with your own hands. You can also plant vegetables in regular beds - but before sowing, they should be protected with slate or boards. Due to such strengthening, spring melt water will not be able to wash off crops.
Planting timing and seed selection
The optimal time for planting vegetables before winter is October or early November, when persistent cold weather sets in. You can not do planting work on warm days. This stimulates seed germination and causes rapid plant death.
When determining the most suitable timing for subwinter planting, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of each specific region. Failure to plant on time will result in a poor crop or loss of crop.
For example, regardless of what is planted before winter in the Moscow region, this should be done 10-15 days earlier than in the Leningrad region, since the climate here is much harsher.
Choosing the right seeds is an important step in growing vegetables in winter. When sowing seeds in October and November, they should not be presoaked, they should be completely dry.
When choosing seeds, it is best to give preference to cold-resistant, not prone to shooting, as well as drained - this will help to reduce their consumption when planting.
What vegetables to plant before winter
The list of what can be planted from vegetables before winter is extremely wide. For subwinter planting, various vegetables, herbs, berries and fruit trees are used.
Crops can be planted at different times:
- first half of October - strawberries;
- October 15-20 - winter garlic;
- October 25-30 - onions;
- early November - beets and carrots.
In the second half of November, when the snow covers the soil by 8-10 cm, gardeners can start planting in the greenhouse. For this, vegetables such as celery, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes and various varieties of cabbage are used.
Beets and carrots
You can plant beets before winter. The best time to plant a root crop is when the air temperature stabilizes at around -3 ° C.
Varieties for winter cultivation:
- Draft;
- Detroit;
- Delicacy;
- Viela;
- Red ball;
- Sudarushka;
- Gaivoronskaya.
These varieties were bred specifically for cultivation in regions with harsh climates, so they can easily withstand winter frosts. Sow the beet seeds to a depth of 4 cm. A distance of about 7-10 cm should be left between the root crops, the row spacing is 25-30 cm. 3-4 g of seeds are taken for each square meter.
Planting onions and garlic
In late autumn, many gardeners plant onions. Among the varieties of onions for winter planting are suitable:
- Carmen;
- Odintsovo;
- Timiryazevsky;
- Ellan.
The onions for planting should have a small diameter, no more than 1-2 cm. They should be planted a few weeks before the first autumn frost so that the bulbs have time to take root. In case of sudden frosts, the plantings must be protected with a special covering material.
For planting winter garlic, it is best to choose the beds on which potatoes, eggplants, bell peppers and other nightshade crops were grown.
Experienced gardeners advise planting garlic in the first half of October, when the soil has already lost a significant part of its moisture, and the frost has not yet come.
Winter sowing of cabbage
Planting vegetables in winter includes various types of cabbage. It is best to choose late or mid-season varieties, early ones are not used for these purposes.
Suitable varieties of cabbage:
- white cabbage - Nadezhda, Zarya, Sibiryachka, Blizzard;
- red-headed - Stone Head 447, Gako 741;
- broccoli - Laser, Caesar, Calabrese, Gnome;
- color - Warranty, Patriotic.
Sowing cabbage is carried out when persistent frosts are established. It is best to plant crops in greenhouses or closed beds, protected from wind and sudden changes in air temperature.
Sow the seeds into the previously made grooves, and in early spring, thin out the seedlings. For reliable protection from winter frosts, the cabbage should be covered with a layer of sawdust.
Greens
In order to get fresh greens on the beds in early spring, they are planted in late autumn. This will allow harvesting a vitamin crop from the beds in early April.
For winter growing, the following types of greens are most often practiced:
- spinach;
- dill;
- parsley;
- sorrel;
- basil;
- sage;
- coriander;
- parsnip;
- salad cultures.
Sowing dill, root and leaf parsley is best done in the first half of October, since their sprouts do not freeze until the first frost. Greens are not afraid of low temperatures, they can not be covered with sawdust or agrofibre.
What to plant in a greenhouse before winter
Many novice farmers are interested in what vegetables are planted in the greenhouse before winter in order to get a rich and plentiful harvest early. For subwinter sowing, crops are used that require reliable protection from winter frosts.
These include:
- tomatoes;
- cucumbers;
- zucchini;
- celery;
- cabbage;
- bow;
- radish;
- greens - dill, parsley, salads.
Onions, parsley, parsnips, dill, basil and other types of greens can be planted even in a greenhouse without heating, as these crops are highly resistant to frost and adverse weather conditions.
Before winter, you can also plant various root vegetables in the greenhouse - carrots, turnips, rutabagas, radishes, beets. For this, frost-resistant varieties with minimum requirements for weather conditions are used.
Podzimny planting of vegetables is very popular among summer residents and gardeners. Observing the basic subtleties and rules of growing crops, you can get an early and generous harvest of vegetables and vitamin greens in early April.