New and old grape varieties (part 3)
We continue our acquaintance with technical and table grape varieties of different ripening periods. Among the huge number of berries presented to your attention, different in appearance and taste, you will definitely pick up something for your summer cottage
Lily of the valley grapes
In the Krasnodar Territory, Lily of the Valley is ready to be harvested in the last days of summer, in rare cases of mid-early ripening the harvest is delayed until mid-September.
Plants give a friendly growth throughout the year, the ripening of the shoots is good, but due to insufficient winter hardiness, the bushes must be covered for cold weather. From common diseases and pests of grapes Lily of the valley additional processing required, inherent stability at an average level.
The mass of brushes ripening on this hybrid form is in the range of 500-700 grams. The shape of the bunches is conical or cylindro-conical. Berries weighing up to 13 grams, noticeably elongated, yellow in color. Under the dense skin of the Lily of the Valley grapes, there is a juicy-fleshy pulp, excellent taste and a bright nutmeg aroma.
The hybrid gives consistently high yields, ripe berries do not crumble, bunches can be transported and stored for quite a long time.
Grape in Memory of the Teacher
E.G. Pavlovsky, from crossing the Talisman and the Cardinal, obtained a hybrid form of an extremely short ripening period. The grape of the Teacher's Memory gives very massive, wide-conical clusters at the end of July or in the first week of August. The weight of medium-dense or loose ones varies from 800 to 1000 grams, and larger specimens are not uncommon.
The grape bushes in Memory of the Teacher give abundant growth, but due to the novelty of the hybrid it is still difficult to judge the frost resistance, the ripening of the shoots and the resistance to infections of grapes.
Over the years of study, the hybrid has shown itself to be high-yielding, quite hardy and yielding an excellent commercial quality. The very large berries of this grape have an oval shape, a dense texture and a highly appreciated taste with light Muscat notes.
Negrul Memory Grape
The parental forms of Datie de Saint-Valier and Corna Nyagra have given Moldovan breeders the magnificent Memory of Negrul grape, which is remembered for its elongated nipple berry of a dense blue-violet hue.
These table grapes have an average ripening period, and from a large number of similar varieties they stand out for their increased resistance to the dangers existing for the culture, as well as frost. With a good yield of grapes in Memory of Negrul, it can be additionally raised with the help of agrotechnical methods. The culture is responsive to care, the bushes ripen well by autumn and give a decent growth.
A clear advantage of the variety is spectacular loose or medium-dense clusters with berries weighing 5 grams and up to 30 mm long. With a length of 20 cm, the average weight of a hand ranges from 350 to 500 grams. The tasting assessment of grapes in Memory of Negrul is always high, as are the commercial qualities and transportability of the bunches.
Charlie Grape
Charlie grapes ripening for 105–110 days are a new hybrid obtained by crossing Nadezhda AZOS and Victoria variety. At the moment, active trials of the hybrid form are underway, which has already managed to show high productivity and resistance to diseases.
Charlie grape plants tolerate frosts well at -24 ° C, but even with high growth maturity, the bushes require shelter for the winter.
The grapes form vigorous bushes, on which heavy clusters weighing up to 800 grams, about 30–35 cm long, ripen by August. To obtain a more amicable and large-fruited harvest, rationing of brushes and cutting of stepchildren are recommended. The berries are almost black in color, elongated-oval in shape and weigh 8-10 grams. Over the past time, peas and cracking of berries have not been noticed on the grapes. Charlie grapes that have not reached ripeness have a nightshade flavor, which disappears as the fruit is filled and colored.
Grape Pleven
The table variety of the Bulgarian selection of Pleven is obtained from the crossing of Italy and Amber grapes. Ripening of table berries occurs in the first half of August. An obvious disadvantage of the vigorous Pleven grape variety is the low resistance of plants to harmful fungi, phylloxera and frost. The variety is distinguished by high yield and readiness of young shoots for winter.
An average bunch of conical shape weighs 300 grams, has an average or less density. Large yellow-green Pleven grapes weighing 3 - 5 grams, get an amber tan in the sun, quickly accumulate sugar and, with low acidity, have a good taste and a dense crunchy texture.
Taking as a basis the best features of this variety, breeders have created a nutmeg, European and resistant variety. As a result, both new varieties of grapes and “old» Pleven are in demand by winegrowers and are cultivated in various regions of the country.
Viking grapes
The very early fruitful hybrid Viking grape was obtained as a result of breeding work carried out by the Ukrainian amateur Zagorulko V.S. The parental pair for this variety is variety Codryanka and ZOS-1. Berries of an original nipple shape with a noticeably pointed tip on vigorous, well-ripening Viking bushes can be expected after 110–120 days from the opening of the buds. At the same time, on the bushes, medium density conical brushes are formed, weighing from 500 to 750 grams.
The berries in a bunch of Viking grapes are smooth, blue-violet in color with an average skin thickness and a pronounced harmonious taste. The aroma is weak. The pulp is dense, less often with predominant juiciness.
The grape of Athos
Received from parental forms of Talisman and Kodryanka, a table hybrid of a very early maturation period by V.K. Bondarchuk. was named Athos. From the opening of the buds to the onset of ripeness of berries, it takes 95-100 days.
The growth rate of the Atos grapes is close to high. At the same time, by winter, the shoots ripen almost 100%. The hybrid form is distinguished by increased frost resistance and good resistance to diseases affecting the culture.
The bunches ripening on the vine have a beautiful conical shape and consist of even, without signs of pea berries with an average weight of up to 10–12 grams. The berries are oblong, oval or nipple-shaped with a rich purple or almost black color. The consistency of the fruit is crispy and juicy. When eating fresh grapes of Athos grapes, the skin is practically not felt.
Grapes Zest
Breeders from Ukraine from a pair of Cardinal and the Chaush variety obtained the Zest for table purpose grapes with spectacular pink-purple berries of an elongated shape. With a ripening period of 100-110 days, you can remove the brushes already in the first week of August.
Over the years of study, the variety showed not too high resistance to infectious diseases of grapes. Zest grape bushes require mandatory shelter, and in the middle lane it can grow only in protected ground.
The weight of the brushes does not exceed 550 grams, the clusters are of medium density and consist of large elongated-oval berries, up to 34mm in size and weighing up to 7.5 grams. The fruits have a dense, tasty pulp with a weak aroma.
Muromets grapes
Brought out to the TsGL them. I.V. Michurina grape variety Muromets belongs to early maturing table varieties. The parental forms used for crossing are Pobeda and Severny. The growth force of the bushes of this variety is high, and Muromets stands out for almost complete ripening of the shoots and high, up to -26 ° C, winter hardiness. The Muromets grapes have a high resistance to broad mildew; against powdery mildew, full-scale treatments of the vine are needed.
The bunch of the Muromets variety weighs 350-400 grams, has a wide conical shape and low density. The berries are round or oval, they store sugar well. Under the dense violet-red skin with a dense prune is a fleshy, aroma-free pulp.
In favorable years, the grape harvest Muromets has high commercial qualities, it is used fresh and in the form of raisins. In a wet summer, you can expect cracking of berries or the formation of "peas".
Richelieu grapes
Hybrid early ripening grapes, Richelieu yields a harvest 115–120 from the start of the growing season. Richelieu grapes are distinguished by powerful, vigorous bushes with quality ripening annual shoots.
The hybrid is prone to the formation of a large number of ovaries, therefore, in order to prevent overloading of the vine, it is important to ration the brushes and shoots. Plants respond well to careful care and are highly resistant to pest attacks, diseases and frost down to –22 ° C.
The bunches of Richelieu grapes are very large. The average weight of the brush is 600-800 grams, the berries are dark, almost black in color, reach 30 mm in length, have an oval shape, medium-thick skin, juicy-fleshy consistency and decent taste. No “peas” were noticed in the harvest; wasps are not very interested in ripe brushes.
Chameleon grape
Ukrainian breeder N.P. Vishnevetskiy, from a multistage crossing of known varieties and high-yielding hybrids, obtained Chameleon grapes with a very short ripening period of 100-110 days.
The frost resistance of this new hybrid grape does not exceed –23 ° C, the plants are rarely affected by rot and known fungal infections of the culture.
On the vine, very large brushes weighing up to 1700-2000 grams are laid and ripen, covered with elegant very sweet berries, which are not prone to cracking even in rainy years. The peel of the berries is of medium thickness, with a light pink attractive color. Chameleon grapes yield high yields, up to 30 kg per vine.
Having high marketable and taste qualities, ripe berries can remain on the bush for a long time without loss of properties, be transported and stored.
Sphinx grape
From parental forms of grapes Timur and Strashensky V.V. Zagorulko, a hybrid Sphinx grape was obtained, giving ripe berries 100-105 days after the start of the growing season.
Cuttings of this hybrid root well, and adult plants are good at resisting diseases. Despite the fact that grapes tolerate frosts down to –23 ° C, in Russian conditions, the bushes need shelter during winter frosts and frosts in autumn. The Sphinx grape vine is vigorous, ripening well.
Cylindro-conical bulk clusters are loose or loose, their weight ranges from 600 to 950 grams. In some cases, brushes weighing up to 1500 grams are formed. The ovoid oblong grapes of the Sphinx have a weight of about 10 grams and a length of up to 30 mm. The grapes have a crispy pulp, a harmonious taste with a high sugar content and a bright aroma.
Grapes Krasa Nikopol
Already at the end of July, from the Krasa Nikopol grape bushes in the Kuban, you can harvest dark pink or purple oval berries, collected in conical medium-loose clusters weighing about 500 grams.This variety, tested by many growers, takes about 105 days to ripen. At the same time, Krasa Nikopol has sufficient immunity to powdery mildew, and it is better to work out the mildew vine twice a season for preventive purposes.
The berry weighing up to 5 grams is quite dense, sugary, has a thin skin and a pleasant taste. The Krasa Nikopol grapes are considered one of the best for growing not only in traditional wine-growing regions, but also in central Russia, in greenhouses. Brushes have an excellent appearance, high transportability and storage capacity.
Grapes Riddle Sharov
This early grape variety has been familiar to Russian winegrowers for more than 40 years, and during these years it has spread from the Kuban to the North-West and the Far East of the country. It takes only 110 days for the loose, highly branched bunches of grapes to ripen Sharov's Riddle, and thanks to its unpretentious Far Eastern ancestors, the variety received an enviable, down to -32 ° C, winter hardiness and good protection from pests.
In the middle lane, plants of this variety sometimes do not need winter shelters, and they actively bear fruit every year. On the bushes, medium-sized clusters weighing from 110 to 500 grams are formed. The berries are round, up to 2.5 grams in weight, with a dark blue skin covered with thick prune. The grape variety Sharov's Riddle quickly and efficiently accumulates sugar. As a result, ripe berries have a pleasant taste with a slight "fox" tinge and pronounced aroma. The consistency of the fruit is melting, dense, with a high juice content. After collection, the bunches are stored without loss of quality for up to three months.