Grape varieties are the best types in terms of ripening, as well as among table and wine crops

Both beginners and seasoned growers alike are on the lookout for the highest yielding varieties of the popular plant. Some grow table grape varieties, others are engaged in winemaking. And still others are forced to look for the most persistent hybrids of a thermophilic culture, adjusting to the harsh climatic conditions. Be that as it may, there is plenty to choose from, because grapes have a wide range of species. Early or late, sweet or sour, white or black ... How many varieties of grapes you can't tell right away. It is better to immediately decide what exactly is needed in a particular case, and this will greatly facilitate the task. We present to your attention a short selection of grape varieties.

Grape varieties - ripening classification

Although the vine will help to ennoble the courtyard by covering the arch, it is not for decorative purposes that the shrub is planted. The main task remains to get the harvest, which must have time to ripen. In addition, it is also important whether young shoots will have time to mature. Indeed, otherwise, the bush runs the risk of freezing out in winter. Therefore, when purchasing seedlings, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the ripening timing.

Depending on how long it takes from bud opening to harvest, grape varieties can be divided into 6 groups:

• super early;
• early;
• early-middle;
• medium;
• medium late;
• late.

If even late varieties can be planted in the south, early grapes are grown in the middle lane and to the north. Other species there simply will not have time to ripen, and this applies to both bunches and vines.

Super early grape varieties

The first sweet clusters are always more expensive, so early varieties are relevant not only in the southern strip. Moreover, these types usually get sick less often. In early autumn, when the fungus "walks", the early vineyards have long been harvested, and the bushes have been processed. In addition, in warm southern climates, almost all species can be grown uncovered.

Super early grapes ripen after 115 days, and some species even at 80 days. The latter are called ultra-early.

Among the super early varieties there are both white and pink and dark grapes, for example:

1. Harold. A table variety that manages to ripen even in the short Siberian summer. The bushes are tall, and they give stepchildren, on which you can get a second harvest in the fall. In the south, grapes are harvested in mid-July, in cooler regions in early August. However, the bunches can hang on the vine until mid-September, and are not crumbled or damaged by bees. The berries are sweet, but small, oval, with a nutmeg aroma. The pulp is juicy, the skin is dense with an amber tint. The variety is frost-resistant, withstands -25 ° C.
2. F-14-75. Also a table variety, but medium-sized and sweeter, with high fruiting. The berries are round, with a bright nutmeg aroma, collected in a moderately dense bunch. Do not crack. The color is creamy, with a pink tint. Disease resistance is high, frost resistance at -26 ° C.
3. Julian. Fast growing table hybrid, ripens in 100 days, in early August. The berries are elongated, up to 4 cm long, finger-shaped, pink-lilac in color. Collected in large clusters weighing up to 1 kg. The flesh is sweet, firm and slightly crunchy, with a light strawberry flavor.The variety is resistant to drought and frost (-23 ° C), rarely gets sick.
4. Viking. The bush grows quickly after planting, but has low frost resistance. Poorly tolerates sudden changes in temperature. It will not survive in the middle lane without shelter. The harvest ripens in the first decade of August. The berries are large, dark blue, elongated, with a dense skin and sweet and sour pulp. Produces a plum aroma. Collected in dense conical clusters weighing no more than 1 kg.

Early grape varieties

The bunches of these varieties ripen a couple of weeks later. Harvesting falls on average in the second half of August. From the moment the buds open and until the berries are fully ripe, it takes from 115 to 125 days.

The following early varieties are popular among gardeners:

1. Adler. A young table hybrid from Russian breeders. Can be grown in the middle lane as a covering crop. The harvest ripens in mid-August, but for another month it is able to hang on the vine without damage, gaining sugar content. Oval amber berries are sweet, with a thin skin. The bunches are large, weighing up to 800 g. The bushes are vigorous, withstand frosts down to -24 ° С. The variety is resistant to mildew, gray rot, powdery mildew.
2. Early gourmet. A medium-sized bush, a young vine manages to lignify more than half. Frost resistance at the level of -23 ° С, rarely suffers from gray rot. Productivity is high, subject to annual pruning. The grapes are harvested at the beginning of August. The berries are large, oval, reddish in color. The pulp is medium-dense, juicy, sweet. The skin is a little thick, but it is not felt when eaten. The variety has beautiful cylindrical clusters, not too dense.
3. Baron black (aka Black Delight). A table hybrid, characterized by large bunches, the weight of which can reach 2.5 kg. The bushes are vigorous, so they need good pruning, as well as rationing the load. Another advantage of the variety is its high resistance to frost and disease. Grapes tolerate -25 ° C well, are not affected by fungi, only occasionally suffer from gray rot. The harvest ripens on the 20th of August. The berries are round, fleshy, beautiful dark blue color. The taste is pleasant, sweet, with an unobtrusive sourness.

Early-middle varieties

Immediately after early ripening species, closer to autumn, the first varieties of mid-season grapes ripen. From the moment the buds bloom on the vine, they need 125 - 135 days to give their harvest.

Early-medium grapes have a longer shelf life than early varieties and are better suited for transport.

Bright representatives of the early-middle species are varieties:

1. Lancelot. A frost-resistant hybrid that bears fruit even in the northern regions when wintering under cover. The bush is vigorous, spreading. At the same time, a young vine manages to ripen its entire length by winter. The variety is self-pollinated, has a high yield and excellent taste. The bunches are large, dense, weighing up to 1.5 kg, in the form of a cone. On fertile soil and with top dressing, they reach up to 3 kg at all. The berries are also large, oval, green-white. The skin is very firm and the flesh is crispy, juicy, slightly sour and honeyed.
2. Rizamat. An ancient Uzbek variety, the seedlings of which are not easy to find, with an ambiguous character. On the one hand, it should be grown only in the south, since the plants have low frost resistance (only -18 ° C). In addition, disease resistance is also weak, especially to powdery mildew... But in terms of productivity, few people will catch up with Rizamat: you can take 80 kg from one bush. Plants are vigorous, require a lot of space, but self-pollinated. The berries ripen in late summer. They are large, cylindrical, ruby ​​pink in color, with crunchy sweet pulp and thin skin.
3. Nadezhda AZOS. An old table variety that does not give up its positions due to its high yield. The bushes are vigorous, actively growing, therefore, they definitely need regulatory pruning. The young vine has time to fully ripen. The flowering of the variety is late, which is even very good for cool regions.But in the future, the grapes quickly catch up and bypass their average comrades. In the south, the berries ripen towards the end of August, in the middle lane - in September. They have a dense blue skin and an oval shape. The pulp is also firm, crunchy, sweet taste with a slight sourness.

Medium varieties

Medium-ripening grapes in the southern regions provide a good opportunity to extend their consumption. It ripens 135-140 days after bud break, approximately in late August - early September. For northern viticulture, these types are not very suitable. In the open field, they simply do not have time to gain sugar content before frost. Young growth also runs the risk of freezing out without shelter, if not ripe. Growing in cold regions is only possible as a cover crop.

Medium varieties are often spoiled by wasps, especially if the berries have thin skin.

Mid-season grapes include varieties:

1. Mascot. Table variety, resistant to many adverse factors. Manages to mature in a short summer. Differs in very large oval berries, the weight of one can exceed 16 g. Fully ripe grapes are almost white in color, with a bright nutmeg aroma. The pulp is tender and juicy, but quite dense, covered with a thin, strong skin. The variety is resistant to disease and frost down to -25 ° C.
2. Chocolate. Ripens on day 138, from late August to mid September, depending on the growing region. The bush is vigorous, standard formation is recommended for the variety. The brushes are large, weighing about 800 g, with large red-brown berries. The pulp is fleshy and juicy, sweet, with a chocolate flavor. The skin is thin but firm. The variety is resistant to frost down to -23 ° C, rarely gets sick.
3. Livadia black. A technical grade, from which a beautiful and pleasant wine is made. The bush is medium-sized, despite the declared frost resistance of -25 ° C, in the middle lane it needs shelter. The clusters are small, but dense, with black, rounded berries. The juicy pulp is sweet, with a nutmeg aroma and a light chocolate aftertaste.

Often, instead of grapes, the Talisman is sold Kesha variety, claiming that they are the same species. In fact, they are two separate varieties, just with the same parents and similar flavor characteristics. You can distinguish them by tasting the berries. Kesha does not have such a crisp nutmeg aroma as a fully matured Talisman.

Medium late varieties

Almost all mid-late grapes begin to bear fruit 3 years after planting. Although there are varieties that will give signal bunches already in the second year of life. The growing season is 145 to 155 days.

The best mid-late grape varieties:

1. Glow. Dessert type, not characterized by high frost resistance (maximum -22 ° C). The sweetest grapes ripen in warmer climates, where they gain more sugar. The bunches are loose and large, can be caught weighing up to 2 kg. Average indicators are at the level of 1 kg. The berries are elongated, pink-lilac, with dense juicy pulp and sweet taste.
2. December. A young Moldavian variety for table use, characterized by long-term storage of the crop. It is harvested from late September to early November, depending on the region of cultivation. The bush is medium-sized, not afraid of frosts down to -27 ° C, resistant to pests and fungi. The vine ripens well. The yield is high, although the clusters are medium in size, up to a maximum of 800 g. The berries are blue, with a dense skin and juicy sweet pulp.
3. Original. Indeed, a very interesting product of Ukrainian breeders. It is famous for its high yield (up to 100 kg per bush) and good keeping quality (can be stored until February). In addition, the variety is immune to fungal diseases and is not afraid of frosts down to -25 ° C. The crop ripens towards the end of September and stands out for its large, elongated berries. The bunches are also large, loose, weighing on average about 1 kg, but there are up to 2 kg.The brush is shaped like a cone with a pointed tip. There are three subspecies of the variety, differing in the color of the berries. The pink Original ripens first, followed by the black one, and the white grapes may take all 150 days. The berries are tasty, sweet, fleshy, with a dense skin.

The Zarevo variety can also be found under the name Roadside or Sport-2.

Late varieties

Late ripening grapes are grown in warm climates. For both the berries and the vine to ripen, it takes from 155 to 160 days. Such varieties are better than others for long-term storage. They are also generally more resilient and winter better.

When choosing late grapes for planting in temperate climates, its resistance to cracking must also be considered. Warm autumn, but with heavy and lingering rains, can ruin the harvest. The berries burst from excess moisture and rot.

The name of late-ripening grape varieties with a brief description of their characteristics:

1. Moldova. Table grapes with excellent taste characteristics and a long shelf life (up to 6 months). In addition, the bunches tolerate transportation well due to the dense structure of the berries. The grapes are fleshy, oval in shape, covered with a violet-black hard skin with a waxy coating. Fully ripe grapes are sweet, removed ahead of time, gives off sourness. The variety is self-pollinated, relatively frost-resistant, but will not survive below -23 ° C. In the central zone, it needs a mandatory shelter for the winter. Not suitable for northern cultivation - the berries remain green. The bush is resistant to gray mold, but often suffers from powdery mildew.
2. Skorensky red. A table variety with large fruits, grown mainly in warm regions. There he has time to fully ripen and become sweet. The crop is harvested after 160 days. The bunches are dense, medium, about 700 g, but the berries themselves are large, weighing up to 10 g each. They have a fleshy, juicy and sweet flesh and dense reddish-purple skin. Declared frost resistance at -24 ° C. Disease resistance is average.
3. Isabel. The variety is characterized by high resistance to frost (up to -30 ° C) and fungal diseases. For the berries to fully ripen, they need up to 6 months. The brushes are medium in size, but there are at least 3 of them on each fruiting vine. The bunches are dense, cylindrical, with round black-purple berries. They have thick skin and greenish slimy flesh. The taste is sweet and sour, with a slightly strawberry flavor. The grapes ripen in the first half of October, spreading a sweet nutmeg aroma.

Grape varieties for wine

If desired Home wine can be made from any grape variety. But to get high quality, special varieties are used. Such varieties are called wine or technical.

Wine grapes differ from other types in several ways:

• it has a high content of juice in berries (at least 75%);
• sugar concentration over 18%;
• a lot of dyes.

Most technical varieties have modest sized clusters with small but very juicy berries.

Grape wine is very aromatic, and its color depends on what kind of wine was used for preparation. Here is a brief description of some of the grape varieties for technical purposes.

Varieties for white wine

White wine is sweeter and contains less alcohol. Moreover, it can be made even from dark grapes. To do this, you need to take varieties with colorless juice, and also do not use the peel from the berries.

The best varieties for making white wine:

1. Aligote. Medium early variety with dense small bunches. The berries are yellowish, with a thin skin to a dark point and juicy flesh. The wine has a green apple flavor.
2. Chardonnay. Mid-season grapes with small, rounded berries that turn golden green when fully ripe. The pulp is juicy, sweet, tender.
3. Traminer white. Medium late high-yielding variety, small clusters, weighing no more than 100 g.The berries are covered with a thick green skin. But the pulp is very sweet, with a spicy taste. Wine from such grapes has an original aroma with notes of tea rose and dried fruits.

Red wine varieties

Dark wine is made from colored fruits, the seeds of which contain many tannins. They give the alcoholic drink a rich color and astringency. Thanks to this, the red wine is dry, with a complex taste.

For red wine, the following varieties are used:

1. Merlot. A medium late grape native to France. Resistance to frost and disease is also average. The yield is high, the weight of the bunches is up to 150 g. Black berries are covered with a waxy skin. The juicy flesh has a nightshade flavor.
2. Richelieu. The early-middle hybrid is distinguished by large racemes. One can weigh up to 1 kg. The variety has increased frost resistance (-22 ° C) and immunity to diseases. Oval berries are also quite large, dark blue, with fleshy juicy pulp.
3. Dobrynya. An early and very hardy variety, survives winters with frosts down to -35 ° C. Produces small cylindrical clusters with small berries, almost black in color. They have a dense, but very juicy flesh.

Table grape varieties

Many table cultures can be used to make homemade wine. But still, their main purpose is to eat. Table varieties usually form large clusters with large, beautiful berries. Such species are often called elite. The taste of grapes can be different, both sweet and with a pleasant sourness.

Of the table varieties, it is worth noting the following:

1. Timur. A super early domestic hybrid, the harvest can be removed in 105 days, at the end of July. It is famous for its large berries with excellent taste characteristics. Each grape weighs at least 6 g, is oval in shape with a pointed tip and is amber green in color. The pulp is very sweet, crunchy, and the thin skin is not felt when eaten. The variety is frost-resistant (-25 ° C will survive without shelter), does not need pollination. It is immune to mildew and rot, but is sometimes attacked by pests (mites).
2. Dubovsky pink. An early variety with good frost resistance (-24 ° C) and high yield. It is known for its large and very sweet dark pink berries. The mass of one grape reaches 16 g. The flesh is crispy, the skin is moderately dense. The bunches are loose, weighing up to 1.5 kg.
3. Great. Medium vigorous Bulgarian variety with large cylindrical clusters and large berries. They are oval, pointed at the top, dark purple in color. The flesh is firm, crispy, covered with a firm skin, tastes like a plum. Resistance to disease and frost is average. But the berries do not crack and are not damaged by wasps.

This is just a small part of the grape varieties that can be grown both in the country and in an industrial vineyard. Going to the nursery, you should definitely study the individual characteristics of each species. And also take into account whether they will be able to please with productivity and rich taste in a particular climate.

Rare and best grape varieties - video