Choosing septic tanks for a summer residence: which is better, more reliable and easier to operate
Country houses are located in a remote area, therefore they are not connected to the central sewerage system. Modern local treatment plants - septic tanks for summer cottages - will help to solve the problem. The devices are designed to collect waste water into a tank. Over time, they go through deep filtration. The structures have replaced the usual cesspools, where human waste fell. To purchase a suitable septic tank for a summer residence, you need to understand the principle of the mechanism. Understand his device. It is important to get acquainted with the types of local purification systems that manufacturers offer.
What are septic tanks for a summer residence
Chemicals, sand, gravel or expanded clay are used to filter wastewater. It all depends on the chosen model.
Classic septic tanks for summer cottages include the main elements:
- several containers;
- branch pipes;
- ventilation system;
- service devices.
Storage chambers can be made of metal or plastic. Someone equips concrete or brick compartments. The most popular are the designs with polypropylene or fiberglass chambers. They are durable and also provide a high-quality tightness of the compartment.
Overflow pipes must be installed at a slight slope. Thanks to this, the liquid is successfully transferred from one tank to another. Special wells and hatches play an important role in servicing country septic tanks. If the length of the sewer system does not exceed 25 m, it is sufficient to install one element for maintenance.
A special role of the well-coordinated work of the septic tank is played ventilation system... It is installed without fail. Typically, the bacteria that process the effluent require a moderate temperature. The ventilation system maintains the required microclimate in the cells. It also removes methane and other gases outside. The simplest scheme for ventilation of a septic tank consists of two risers. One is installed near the original pipe, and the other - in the area of the extreme chamber of the device. In addition, when equipping wells for filtering wastewater, ventilation risers are installed nearby.
How septic tanks work for a summer residence
The principle of operation of the local purification system is based on high-quality settling of wastewater. As well as filtering them forcibly or naturally. Some models allow the use of bioferment substances and special biofilters. Wastewater treatment takes place in several stages.
Through the pipe, which is taken out of the house, the wastewater enters the first tank. Here they are subjected to rough cleaning, as a result of which heavy particles settle to the bottom. Light elements such as fats are lifted up and transferred to the next chamber. For 3 days, heavy elements in the first tank ferment and break down into carbon dioxide, water and thick slurry.
Over time, sludge appears at the bottom of the first chamber, which should be periodically removed.
Getting into the second tank, sewage continues to decompose. For this, special chemicals or bacteria are provided. They successfully break down compounds that remain from detergents. Further, the liquid is poured into the next chamber if a septic tank with a high level of wastewater treatment is used. This water is later used to irrigate a garden or vegetable garden.
To increase the degree of purification of sewage, they construct an infiltrate, a drainage well, or allocate a special plot of land.
As a rule, models of local septic tanks are divided into several categories. Let's take a look at how each of them works.
Sewage storage system
The principle of operation of storage septic tanks resembles the usual cesspool... A strong sealed container with one chamber is installed near the living quarters. It receives and temporarily stores impurities. When the tank is full, they call the sewers to pump out the liquid. The system is equipped with external pipes, a safety valve and an alarm. Popular models "Bars-N", "Chistok", "Beetle", "Rodlex".
Budget septic tanks come in different sizes. When choosing, take into account the number and needs of people visiting the dacha.
Sedimentation tanks with additional soil cleaning
The unit consists of several (2-3) storage chambers and additional filters. First, sewage enters the storage compartments. There they settle, and then under the influence of special bacteria (anaerobes), they gradually decompose. Flowing from one tank to another, the effluent goes through several stages of cleaning. The maximum level reaches 70%. But this is not enough for disposal.
The problem is solved by filtration wells, which are made of stone or brick. A drainage layer (1 m) is poured at the bottom of the structure using crushed stone. Similarly, a field for underground wastewater treatment is being built. On the site, covered with gravel and sand, perforated pipes with holes are laid. They are connected to the ventilation system of the septic tank. The sewage seeps out, gets into a natural filter and undergoes additional treatment.
Arrangement of unique trenches
The unit is installed on clay soil or next to unused body of water... First, they dig deep trenches (up to 1.7 m) and place two tiers of pipes. The upper level is considered to be irrigation, the lower one is considered to be drainage. The settled sewage first falls into the first pipeline. Then they seep down, are cleaned with sand and gravel. Finally, the effluent enters the drain pipe and is then directed to the disposal area. Thus, thanks to the action of natural soil filters, the liquid undergoes high-quality purification.
Septic tank and biomaterial
The unit is a block of sealed chambers in which aerobic microorganisms are used. The first compartment is a sump where the sewage is split into light and heavy components. The result is a precipitate and a dense film. In the second chamber, the waste falls under the influence of microorganisms, which require constant access to oxygen. At the last stage, wastewater is disinfected under the influence of chemicals.
Some bacteria require oxygen to function. Therefore, the septic tank is equipped with an aerator.
Fundamental principles of the in-demand models
Manufacturers are constantly improving local sewerage systems. As a result, new models appear on the market. Let's consider the most popular options.
Tank
The system assumes an integrated approach to wastewater treatment. It consists of a cast tank, the strength of which is reinforced with 17 mm thick rigid ribs. Thanks to this, the system can be installed on any kind of soil.
The sewage treatment scheme goes through several stages:
- inorganic components leave in the receiver;
- due to fermentation and the action of anaerobic bacteria, wastewater is split into small chemical compounds;
- the last chamber is filled with microbes that destroy impurities.
The liquid obtained at the outlet enters the tank from sand and gravel (infiltrator). As a result, it is cleaned by 80%. The unit works without pumping, so the water is successfully utilized without polluting the natural environment.
Topas
The septic tank belongs to the unit for deep purification of sewage. Unlike horizontal structures, Topas has a vertical body. It consists of 4 sectors, between which fluid circulates. All tanks are connected by hoses. With the help of a special pump (airlift), water flows from one chamber to another.
Getting into the first compartment, the sewage is cleaned under the influence of aerobic microorganisms. They are broken down into silt, water and fines. Ultimately, the treated water is collected in the 4th compartment.
A dacha equipped with such a unit will become a real oasis of rest for fruitful work.
Triton
The system is designed for biological and mechanical wastewater treatment. The main advantages of the unit are simplicity and compactness. Two volumetric tanks are connected by means of a branch pipe. This greatly increased the collection space for heavy particles. The cleaning process is carried out in a traditional way. The unit is used for seasonal visits to a country house.
Ecopan
The septic tank has a multi-stage waste filtration system. It is used for clay soils. Especially where groundwater is very close to the surface. The main tank is in the form of a cylinder. Its rigidity is increased by means of transverse baffles. The internal space of the device is divided into 6 identical compartments.
There, there is a step-by-step purification of waste liquid, which is used during permanent residence in the country:
- Solid and heavy elements remain in the first chamber.
- In the second, microbes process small fractions.
- Further, aerobic bacteria stimulate the decomposition of chemical compounds.
- The fourth clarifier collects the remaining sludge and pumps the liquid to the first compartment for re-filtration.
- The fifth chamber contains a mineral (dolomite). It speeds up the cleansing process.
- At the finish line, the drains are taken out or collected in a special container.
Comparison of popular models and consideration of the principle of operation of septic tanks helps to choose the best option. Some of them are no different in appearance. However, each unit has its own characteristics that should be taken into account during the maintenance and installation of the structure.
In addition, septic tanks have a number of advantages. They do not give off pungent odors. Purified water is used for technical purposes. The septic tanks are quite durable. Helping to preserve the environment. Basic knowledge of which septic tank is best suited for a country house helps to make the right choice.