Plum for the Moscow region - the best variety, selection criteria
The plant belongs to the stone fruit genus. Plum for the Moscow region is the best variety of a fruit tree for unpretentiousness. Unlike apricots and peaches, plum initially grows in temperate latitudes and endures winter cooling. Gardeners are offered a variety of varieties, based on long-term selection of different types of plums from China, Spain, America, and their multiple cross-pollination.
Plum characteristic
Plum fruits, depending on the variety, are green to dark purple in color. The size of the cream varies from 20 to 150 grams. There are self-fertile varieties, but any of them will give high yields when cross-pollinated. The harvest ripens in the Moscow region from July to mid-September, depending on the variety.
All plum varieties are divided according to their use:
- edible plums with a pleasant taste, almost all of them are obtained as a result of selection;
- conditionally edible are the fruits of the wild plum, which have no market value;
- decorative plums are used in landscape design, their flowering, tree and leaf shape create a unique landscape.
Consider the best varieties of plums for the Moscow region, which are in demand among amateurs and professionals.
Early varieties of plums
In July and at the very beginning of August, early varieties will give a harvest of tasty fruits.
The variety belongs to the domestic group, obtained by the Kursakov breeders. The tree is of medium height, compact, spherical shape. The leaves are large, the buds extend from the shoot. The tree begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting. Annual flowering with high winter hardiness. The variety is resistant to typical plum diseases. Plum Zarechnaya early refers to self-infertile varieties, the pollinator can be Etude, Tambov beauty.
The variety belongs to table varieties, has good transportability. Fruits weighing 35-60 grams have a taste of 4.5 points on a five-point scale, ripen at the same time in mid-July.
One of the earliest and most productive varieties that bears fruit well even in the northern part of the Moscow region. The fruits are medium-sized, only 30 g, but the branches are strewn with multi-colored balls. Cream does not lose its taste after freezing, it is suitable for culinary processing. The variety begins to bear fruit the next year after planting. An adult tree will give 30 kg of delicious fruits. The tree can withstand -400 C, but does not tolerate the thaw well. Plum variety Skoroplodnaya is self-fertile, and is pollinated only by cherry plum hybrids. The plum variety Red Ball is suitable for pollination. This is due to early flowering. The height of the spherical tree is 2.5 meters, the hybrid is obtained from the American-Chinese variety Klaymex, by pollination of Ussuriyskaya red.
An early variety bred on the basis of the Chinese generation. The tree is not tall, 2.5 m tall, the crown is spreading, pyramidal. The leaf is light green, serrated, sharply pointed. The flowers are large, 3 pieces each, white. Fruits weighing 45 g, juicy, fibrous. Taste is rated at 4.4 points.The fruits of the Orlovskaya Mechta plum do not crack, do not fall, ripen in August.
Fruiting begins at the age of 3 years, the variety is resistant to perforated spotting, the winter hardiness of the roots and the ground part is high. With a large harvest, the fruits become smaller in weight.
The variety belongs to the group "Russian plum", obtained by pollination of cherry plum Tavricheskaya Chinese plum Burbank. The tree is vigorous, 3 m in height, covered with early fruits of small size - 20-30 grams.
The advantages of the Traveler plum are:
- high winter hardiness;
- early maturation;
- resistance to fungal diseases;
- annual fruiting.
Disadvantages - self-infertility, with early flowering it is frozen by recurrent frosts.
Late and medium varieties of plums, the best for the Moscow region
The Hungarian group of plums has a high sugar content, dark color, from which they get prunes, everyone's favorite dried product. The trees are tall, plums are harvested after litter. Plum Vengerka Korneevskaya is a self-fertile variety, with a plum weight of 130-140 grams. Dessert fruits, the pulp separates well from the seeds. Fruiting of the tree begins 3-4 years after planting. A feature of this variety is the breaking of branches under the weight of the harvest. Props required.
Hungarian requires careful observance of the terms of preventive treatment against diseases and pests.
The plum Smolinka, known in Central Russia, is like cultivation only in the southern part of the Moscow region. The oval-ovoid fruits weigh 35 grams. Dessert plum taste, the harvest is harvested in mid-August, up to 15-20 kg from one plum. The tree is fast-growing, fruiting occurs in 2-3 years, is frost-resistant with rapid regeneration, grows up to 5.5 meters. The cultivar is cross-pollinated, with Superearly and Opal pollinators. The branches are strewn with fruits in the fall, without props they can break.
Small fruits weighing 22 grams of unique taste made the Pamyat Timiryazev plum a favorite of the gardens of the Moscow Region, Central and Middle Volga regions. The fruits ripen in late August, early September. The crown of the tree is bushy, with branches lowered under the weight of the crop.
The variety is self-fertile with a high restorative ability when freezing. The advantage of Timiryazev's memory plum is its resistance to clotterosporia and fruit rot. The tree does not like drought, is moisture-loving, but is affected by ticks.
Yellow medium-sized fruits weighing 25-35 grams by autumn cover a tree with a height of 5.5 meters completely. Plum Yakhontovaya tolerates drought, frost-resistant, not afraid of return frosts. The variety is partially self-fertile, even without a girlfriend, every year it will present the owners with tender juicy fruits with a small bone.
Plum fruiting occurs in 3 years, and in the fifth year you can get 50 kg of sun-poured fruits. But this is subject to the presence of a plum in the neighborhood Hungarian Moscow or Skorospelka red.
There is a doubt whether it is worth planting such a tall tree in the country. But there is also a way out - to buy a Yakhontova plum sapling on the dwarf rootstock of Alexy plum or Felt cherry.
An old variety of the domestic group with Italian roots and excellent winter hardiness. The tree is up to 3 meters high, rounded - spreading in shape. Plum Renklod kolkhoz has a small-sized cream of yellow-green color. Plum belongs to table varieties, well canned. The variety was created by Michurin, crossing Ternoslivu and Green Renklode. Fruiting begins in 4-5 years and increases gradually. An eight-year-old tree will give up to 18 kg of cream, and at 11 years old - already half a centner. Only you need to collect the fruits quickly, otherwise they will crumble.
Advantages of the collective farm Renklode plum:
- exceptional frost resistance and recovery after an abnormally cold winter;
- the tree trunk is not susceptible to frost breaks.
Plum requires a pollinator, which cannot be derived from Chinese varieties.
The full name of the variety is Egg Blue Plum. The tree is tall, up to 6 meters, capable of bearing fruit for 30 years.Its main advantages are self-fertility and winter hardiness. You should not expect a particularly large harvest from this variety; it will give up to 12 kg of tasty fruits annually, no matter what. The weight of the aromatic sweet berry is 35 grams. Begins fruiting in 5-6 years. Withstands 35 degrees of frost without kidney damage. The tree can become a decoration of the local area. The crop is stretched and hangs on the branches for a long time.
Before you is a columnar plum in bloom. Imagine her, strewn with fruits weighing 60 grams. Interestingly, the columnar varieties are a gift from nature, a genetic malfunction. The breeders noticed the unusual shape of the tree and fixed it. As a result, varieties of columnar fruit trees have emerged, including plums.
The peculiarity of such a tree is the absence of the usual skeletal branches, and fruit branches and lances are formed close to the trunk. At the same time, the yield of trees of this shape surpasses ordinary trunks, and very little space is needed for the development of such a tree.
Columnar plum Imperial is fast-growing, the first harvest forms in 2 years, at 17 the fruiting ends, and decorativeness remains for several more years. Imperial fruits are large, 60 grams, and very tasty.
The tree reaches a height of 1.5-2 meters, does not need pruning, but requires support, otherwise it will bend under the weight of the crop. Columns need protection in winter at any age, especially seedlings.
It is a responsible matter to choose a variety of plums for a summer residence. It should be taken into account that the tree shows the best properties when agricultural technology is observed.
Column drain video