DIY spiral staircase in a private house made of different materials
A self-constructed spiral staircase significantly saves space in a small space and serves as an adornment of a spacious hall. It should organically fit into the overall design.
Due to its versatility, the object can be used in almost all interior styles and trends. The main thing is to comply with all dimensions and technical aspects during manufacture.
DIY spiral staircase in the interior
She may be:
- wooden;
- metal;
- composite;
- combined.
Wood will be appropriate in all rustic and naturalistic rooms. For techno, they make a spiral staircase with their own hands from metal. Composite is more suitable for minimalism - high-strength reinforced plastic.
If you do it yourself, it is better to choose wood or metal racks with wooden steps, since not everyone can create a forged product. Such a structure will look especially beautiful in a room finished with the same material.
Advantages of a metal and wooden spiral staircase
The advantages of such structures are as follows:
- Compactness. It is often critical when choosing the type of staircase for a small room on the ground floor. With a low ceiling, the spiral visually lifts it.
- Saving space. Since the opening in the ceiling is small, the useful area of the second floor is not significantly reduced.
- Spiral staircases to the second floor can be added to the outer attic. In this case, they are used mainly in winter.
- Cost savings as fewer materials are required for manufacturing than for a marching structure.
- Original design element.
The disadvantage of a spiral staircase in a private house can be considered some inconvenience of moving along it. Also, the impossibility of lifting up large-sized items in assembled form.
Before bringing furniture to the second floor, it should be disassembled.
How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands
This is the most ergonomic type of design and can be installed both in the center of the room and in the corner.
Accordingly, the method of installing the steps will be different:
- using 1 support;
- on the support and on the wall;
- on a spiral bowstring.
The last method is very difficult. To translate an idea into reality, you need to find a good master.
A wooden staircase looks more interesting on kosoura, but the choice is up to the owners.
Stair elements
To make a structure, you should first familiarize yourself with its elements and their names.
The spiral staircase consists of:
- steps;
- bases - support pillar in the center;
- support post for handrails and balustrades (baluster railing);
- balusters (handrail posts);
- jumpers;
- spiral handrail;
- fences on the 2nd floor;
- top platform.
Steps should not be taken, as they will interfere with the complete placement of the foot on the step.
Before making a spiral staircase, you need to create a drawing and make the necessary calculations:
- The width of the step should be 20 cm or more.
- There are 11-12 steps in each loop.
- The height of the turns is chosen based on the growth of the household, preferably with a margin of 16-21 cm so that you do not have to bend over.
- Passage width 70-90 cm.
The drawing of the spiral staircase is done after choosing the angle of twist. It is necessary to select the dimensions of the opening in the floor.The initial data also includes the height between the floor and the ceiling. These parameters affect the length of the tread (where the feet are placed) and the number of steps.
If the construction is with a revolution of 360 about, then the exit to the 2nd floor will be in the projection of the beginning of the rise. When placing a structure in the center, the entry / exit point is selected anywhere.
If you plan to place a structure against a wall, then you need to take into account the direction of rotation and calculate the specific exit point, since a full revolution may not work.
Calculation of a spiral staircase
Walking safety stairs depends on the optimal dimensions of the steps, the dimensions of which depend on the average size of the foot (30 cm) and step (60-64 cm).
Calculation of stairs with a rotation angle of 360 about, with a diameter of 220 cm, a height of 300 cm:
- Circumference (L) 2πR. Line of motion L = 2πr. Since the projection of the spiral movement lies at a distance of 2/3 of the radius of the staircase, then r = 2R / 3. The desired sweep length is L = 4πR / 3 = 4 × 3.14 × 1100/3 = 4605 mm (4.6 m).
- Having received a scan of 1 march, the number of steps is selected. With a distance from the floor to the ceiling of 3 m and a step height of 15-20 cm, in this case it is more convenient to take 15 cm.It turns out 20 steps.
- Trapezoidal steps are calculated in 3 stages. For the size of the tread, the length of the circle 4605 is divided into 14 steps (the 15th is the platform). It turns out 321 mm, which exceeds the standard for indoor structures. If we increase the number of steps to 17 (the 18th is the platform), the tread depth will be 4605/17 = 271 mm, the height - 3000/18 167 mm, which corresponds to the standard. The remainder when dividing is taken into account by adjusting the height of 1 step.
- Calculate the tread depth at the mounting point on the support. For a spiral metal staircase, this is a metal pillar with a diameter of 5 cm, onto which the steps are strung. In order to put the steps on the support, you need a hole of the same diameter (5 cm) and 5 cm of each edge. It turns out 15 cm - the depth of the step in the narrow part.
- In the widest part, the tread depth is calculated based on the circumference: L = 2πR = 2 × 3.14 × 1100 = 6908 mm. With the number of lifts 17, the desired value will be: 6908: 17 + 406 mm.
- Then the dimensions of the upper platform (the last 18th step) are determined, taking into account the plan of the 2nd floor and the convenience of the exit.
- The last step is to design and calculate the opening in the floor, which is done in advance. Its diameter should be 20-22 cm greater than the diameter of the staircase. The shape is allowed both round and rectangular.
In houses with an attic, the height to the attic floor must be taken into account.
Installation of a rotary structure
The rack can be not only metal, but also concrete, brick, wood. If for metal the diameter is from 5 cm, then for other materials this parameter increases to 15-29 cm.
Wedge-shaped steps are made of dense processed wood (ash, beech, oak), fragile conifers are not suitable. Baluster racks can be made on your own or you can buy ready-made ones and fix them on the steps with special fasteners. It is very difficult to make curved railings with your own hands, so it is also better to use ready-made ones.
Observing all the norms of the technological process and adhering to the recommendations, you can independently create a real masterpiece. A beautiful and comfortable spiral staircase with your own hands can turn the interior of your home into something unusual and unique.
Photo of spiral staircases
Illumination of steps.
Futuristic design.
Wooden staircase in the interior.
Design option.
Oak staircase with balusters.