What are the drill cartridges and how to choose them correctly
The drill chuck is classified as a collet chuck. Collet chucks are used to clamp a drill, cold bar or clamp a metal workpiece in a cold state. The classic chuck consists of a hardened clamping sleeve and 3 identical petals (jaws).
The collet is a center bushing made of strong, hardened steel. In the device of the cartridge, it is installed in the center. There are 3 cuts in it, which form exactly the same clamping lugs (cams). As the diameter decreases, the petals are pressed against each other.
The first chucks for power drills were a cylinder with an adjusting wheel on the surface. Further, an adjustment sleeve was added to the device.
The cylinder is still attached to the shaft of a drill or screwdriver. The nozzle is already "put" on the reverse side.
It is most convenient to attach drills, cutters and taps with small shanks to the drill chuck. This tool is fixed inside the chuck by a collet, pressing the cams inward.
- key;
- gear-crown;
- quick-clamping;
The chuck for mechanical and electric drills is also called drilling. The main advantage of the drill chuck is the range of bit diameters.
A quality drill chuck allows the use of drills from 1 - 2 millimeters to 20 - 25 millimeters. In this element of the drill there are no significant drawbacks except for the cost of the cartridge itself.
Drill chuck types
For household and professional drilling equipment, a keyless chuck is used for drillkeyless operation.
With such a clamp, you can change the drill in a couple of seconds without resorting to the help of an available wrench. Pressing firmly on the palm loosen the mechanism, allowing the cutting tool to be released from the chuck. The drill is fixed in the same way for further work. This type of chuck works due to a corrugated metal sleeve and a locking spindle.
The disadvantages of the keyless chuck include unstable clamping. An already worn keyless chuck does not properly fix large diameter drills, which leads to turning. Typical for round shank.
The key chuck must be loosened and tightened with a special key, which can be easily lost over time in working situations. Interestingly, more experienced users of drilling tools prefer the chuck with a key, since it is possible to clamp the drill or cutter “tightly”, for example, even in a vice.
When purchasing a drill, screwdriver or hammer drill with a key chuck, immediately fix the key from the kit to the wire with insulating tape or tie it to a strong cord. There will never be any problems with changing the drill.
Mini drill chucks are very popular among radio amateurs. Such elements are sometimes put on a drill or mini drill. Can be installed on any tool adapted for drilling. For example, jewelers will not be able to perform work without this fastener.
Most often, mini chucks are used for a light drill or a household screwdriver. The optimum drill diameter for a mini chuck is from 0.1 to 4.5 millimeters.
It is very convenient to drill microcircuit, mini models and jewelry.
The mini chuck has the simplest design of a quick-release collet chuck.Most often made from brass.
How to remove and replace a threaded cartridge
The drill chuck is installed on the shaft of the power tool and is fixed by the left-hand thread of the screw. It is necessary to remove the damaged cartridge from this mount, but take into account the non-standard threaded connection.
The aforementioned screw is located inside the chuck, logically, you need to unscrew the cams as much as possible, in other words, "drown" to the limit. This is how this action looks in the photo:
How to disassemble the drill chuck further? Inside, you can see the same screw removed with a Phillips screwdriver. Having gained access to it, you need to unscrew it strictly clockwise with a good screwdriver. There are models of tools where this screw is not installed. In this case, the entire chuck is twisted off the shaft without preparatory work.
A screw with a left-hand thread loses the sharpness of the groove over time due to inaccurate change of cutting tools. For convenience, you can hit the screw through the inserted screwdriver with a hammer. This action will deepen the groove without harming the tool.
When unscrewing, you can use a 14 key for convenience.
How can you then remove the cartridge from the drill? Everything is very simple, by unscrewing a screw or a spindle with a left-hand thread, unscrew the chuck itself by hand for replacement or repair.
Further replacement of the drill chuck
Nothing complicated - purchase a chuck suitable for a drill and install it along the thread with the same sequence.
How to quickly remove the cartridge from the drill is shown in this short video:
When replacing, take into account the type of connection. There are two of them:
- conical;
- threaded.
The threaded chuck is mounted on the tool as described above.
It is important to know that the threaded chuck is marked with two types:
- 1.5-13 M12 * 1.25;
- 1.5-13 1/2 - 20UNF.
1.5 - 13 - marking of the minimum and maximum diameter for the cutting tool installed in the chuck.
Observe this marking when replacing. If a value is indicated on the chuck from your drill, for example, 1.5-13 M12, then it should be changed to a chuck with the same marking.
The conical connection is a little simpler. When replacing, the cartridge is simply inserted. There are the following varieties:
- AT 10 O'CLOCK;
- AT 12;
- B16;
- B18.
Interestingly, any cartridge in the tool magazine marked "B" means precisely the tapered base of the mount. The numbers on the marking (from 10 to 18) are the size of the diameter of the lower hole.
How to remove the taper chuck from the drill? The easiest way. The cartridge is dismantled with a conventional hammer, knocking out from the pin.