Screw wood splitter to help the villager
Wood splitter screw, rack and pinion, pneumatic - tools designed for splitting chocks into logs. Rural craftsmen assemble wood splitters from improvised parts, but they are low-power, the designs require improvement. A cleaver with a screw-cone is easy to make yourself or buy inexpensively.
Screw cleaver device with electric drive
The device of the screw wood splitter is based on the interaction of a pair of screw-nut, where the nut is soft wood. A gearmotor with a cone screw tip rotating at a speed of 250-450 rpm is mounted on a stable steel platform. From the engine, a thrust bar is set in motion, pushing the block, standing with its end, onto a rotating cone. As a result of the entry of the wood splitter cone into the lateral surface of the chock, the wood splits along the fibers.
Safety precautions must be taken when working with the wood splitter. Clothes should fit snugly on the body. Gloves are a hazard. It is better to work with heavy gloves.
The geared motor is replaced by a belt drive with the motor installed under the cutting table. Then rotation is transmitted to the screw cone shaft by pulleys designed for optimum screw revolutions. This design allows the use of a single-phase 220 V motor, with which the price of a screw wood splitter becomes significantly lower. If a cleaver equipped with a limit switch, the working cone will return to its original position independently. How the screw log splitter works, you can watch the video:
Making a wood splitter yourself
The cost of a factory-made screw splitter, depending on the configuration, ranges from 16 to hundreds of thousands of rubles. The main working body is a cone for a wood splitter, which can be ordered from a lathe. To make a screw wood splitter work with your own hands, drawings for craftsmen are offered.
It will not be possible to make a thread with a grinder, since the persistent thread on the "carrot" must be kept exactly. In addition, when making a cone, the turner must know the ratio of the length and section of the base - 2: 1, the thread is two-start with a pitch of 5-6 mm, the profile of the tooth is like a chisel.
Depending on the size of the part, it will cost up to 5,000 rubles. Completely finished working unit:
- screw cone;
- shaft with bearing assembly;
- transmission pulley for belt drive.
The whole set will cost no more than 6 thousand, but made for the design load, the unit is safer.
The manufactured machine must meet the following requirements:
- engine power not less than 2 kW;
- at high speeds, the thread pitch must be kept less to reduce the load on the drive;
- fit on the gearbox shaft must be tight, exclude scrolling;
- the cone is made of tool steel;
- the tip of the screw is sharply sharpened, it should enter the wood gently, without effort;
- working platform height - 80 cm.
The schematic diagram of the device looks as shown in the diagram.
As you can see from the diagram, the device is simple, but it requires precise alignment of the units, selection of pulleys with the required gear ratio and V-belts that match the profile.
To help the craftsman, there is a video on how to make a cone wood splitter with your own hands:
There is another scheme that does not require a belt drive and gearbox. The low speed motor shaft can be directly connected to the helical wedge. Shaft speed less than 500 rpm is not dangerous for the drive of the screw wood splitter.
Chunks that are knotty and deformed with a bend must be pricked with extreme caution. A log can bounce along an unpredictable trajectory, roll a chock in your hands. The wedge can get stuck in hard wood. Therefore, if possible, the machine should be equipped with a reverse.
It will be useful to remind that the engine must have a waterproof housing and be grounded. The belt drive is covered with a protective cover. When serving chocks on a cutting table, you must not work in tops. With an awkward movement, it can be wound on a cone along with the hand. The machine must be equipped with a stopper for emergency braking.
An example of folk ingenuity is a device for splitting a small number of short chocks. A cone nozzle with a cross section of 30 mm on a slow-speed drill perforator will allow you to split dry chocks. But there are difficulties here. The drill tends to make a turn behind the screw, it should be firmly held, resisting, or the tool should be fixed in the holder.