Choosing a foundation for a cottage
The foundation, many argue, is the beginning and the foundation of the house. But this opinion is wrong. It turns out that the house does not hold the foundation, it transfers the load of the house to the ground, but the ground already holds the house. For those who dream of building their own house, there are many manuals, informational video lessons, where a clear structure is given, where to start, what the foundation should be.
Many in their projects adhere to the idea that you need to make a massive base at home. But they do not think that they will build walls, a roof - and all this becomes an additional load on the soil itself. Thus, the load-bearing function of the soil is unable to prevent the collapse of the house, since the soil settles under the weight.
The foundation must provide the functions of reliability and strength, like any other building structure. You need to calculate it using the brand and amount of reinforcement, concrete, again depending on the load that your house creates.
How does a home foundation work
With the wrong construction of the foundation, when we do not assess the bearing capacity of the house, one part of the house, most often the sides or the middle point, can crash. Then the load pulls either the upper or lower reinforcement, and cracks appear in the house. Therefore, before the idea of building a house, it is necessary to understand what the foundation is, what it is. What it consists of and which type of foundation is better to use so that the house will serve you for many years.
Foundation types;
- Belt - common (prefabricated blocks, monolithic belt).
- Columnar or Chise foundation - pillars are erected in the corners, in all places where the walls intersect. It is more economical for small buildings (garages, one-story brick houses).
- Monolithic - a slab of concrete is poured 50-60 cm under the house. But when using this type of foundation, the type of soil (geological measurements) must be taken into account. Form the correct drainage of water so that the foundation does not break due to frost, which penetrates the ground by 1.2 meters.
- The Swedish stove is a labor intensive but well draining system.
- Pile - used for light house structures (fences). Poles with pointed ends are installed manually into the ground.
But if you want to build your house at a lower cost, then you will absolutely need the calculation of a professional designer. This will help to use the exact amount of all materials and in the future you did not have to radically redo everything.